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Year 4 · Science · Autumn 1.2

States of matter

Scheme of work & lesson plans · 10 lessons

Enquiry question: How do solids, liquids and gases behave, and how does temperature change their state — from melting ice to the water cycle?
10 lessons≈ 44 min each3 tiers per lessonVideo + animationPrint packs included

Scheme of work — at a glance

This is a big White Rose block that runs across the Year 4 autumn term. Ten lessons take pupils from sorting solids, liquids and gases, through changes of state and using scientific equipment, into two full enquiry arcs — a melting investigation and an evaporation investigation (each planned, carried out and evaluated) — by way of the water cycle. Every lesson runs the same structure — Arrival → Starter → I do → We do → Independent → Exit — in about 44 minutes, differentiated across three primary tiers.

#LessonLearning objectiveKey vocabulary
1Explore solids, liquids and gasesGroup materials as solids, liquids or gases by how they behave — keeping shape, keeping volume, or filling space.solid, liquid, gas, state of matterOpen →
2Think differently: tricky materialsExplore materials that test the definitions — pouring solids like sand and slow liquids like honey.pouring solid, liquid, sortingOpen →
3Change statesMelting, freezing, evaporation and condensation; temperature changes state, and the changes are reversible.melt, freeze, evaporation, condensationOpen →
4Use equipmentUse a thermometer and stopwatch accurately; read °C at eye level; keep water below 50°C.thermometer, temperature, °C, stopwatchOpen →
5Plan: a melting experimentPlan a fair test — does the water’s temperature affect how fast ice melts?fair test, change, measureOpen →
6Investigate: meltingCarry out the melting fair test, take careful readings, and conclude warmer water melts ice faster.temperature, conclusion, °COpen →
7The water cycleEvaporation, condensation and precipitation; water is recycled and no new water is made.water cycle, evaporation, condensation, precipitationOpen →
8Plan: an evaporation experimentPlan a fair test — does the temperature of a place affect how fast water evaporates?evaporation, fair test, volumeOpen →
9Investigate: evaporationCarry out the evaporation test and find that warmer places evaporate water faster.evaporation, temperature, conclusionOpen →
10Evaluate: evaporationDraw a conclusion from the data, compare with other groups, and suggest improvements.conclusion, evaluate, improveOpen →

National Curriculum coverage

  • Compare and group materials together, according to whether they are solids, liquids or gases.
  • Observe that some materials change state when heated or cooled, and measure the temperature at which this happens in °C.
  • Identify the part played by evaporation and condensation in the water cycle, and associate the rate of evaporation with temperature.

Working scientifically

  • Making careful observations and accurate measurements using a thermometer (L4, L6, L9).
  • Setting up comparative and fair tests — change one thing, measure, keep the rest the same (L5, L6, L8, L9).
  • Gathering and presenting data, and reporting conclusions (L6, L9, L10).

Vocabulary across the block

solidliquidgasstate of mattermeltfreezeevaporationcondensationwater cycleprecipitationthermometertemperaturedegrees Celsius (°C)volumefair test

Assessment

  • A tiered exit ticket every lesson (Seedling / Sapling / Oak).
  • Interactive independent sorter self-checks understanding in the moment.
  • Two full enquiry arcs — melting and evaporation — through plan, investigate and evaluate.

Prior learning & next steps

Builds on (Y3): materials — comparing and grouping materials by their properties. Working scientifically: the first fair tests in Year 4 — plan, investigate and evaluate.

Leads to (Y5): properties and changes of materials — dissolving, separating, and reversible/irreversible changes.

How each lesson is built

Every lesson is a single interactive web page: six-phase structure with on-screen timings; three tiers on the four pupil-facing tasks; a short teaching video; a self-contained animation targeting the lesson’s key misconception; TA Focus and Cold Call prompts; and a one-click print pack.

Differentiation tiers map to attainment bands: 🌱 Seedling = working towards · 🌿 Sapling = expected · 🌳 Oak = greater depth.

1

Explore solids, liquids and gases

LO: Group materials into solids, liquids and gases, and describe the properties of each state.

🌱 SeedlingSorts a solid, a liquid and a gas with support.
🌿 SaplingNames a property of each state and gives an example.
🌳 OakExplains how you can tell a liquid from a gas.

Lesson structure (≈44 min)

PhaseMinWhat happens
Arrival4New topic — recap Year 3 materials and properties.
Starter5Solid, liquid or gas? Agree the key properties.
I do 16The three states and how each behaves (video).
We do 16Sort familiar things by state together.
I do 24Same jar, three states (animation: solid keeps shape, liquid fills, gas spreads).
We do 25True/false on the properties.
Independent10State sorter (solid / liquid / gas) + tiered write-up.
Exit4Three tiered questions.
Misconceptions to addressThat all solids are hard and can never change shape (some bend or squash), and that a liquid’s amount changes when poured.
Resources: video States of matter — KS2; three-jars animation; State Sorter; TA Focus; Cold Call; print pack.
Open Lesson 1 →
2

Think differently: tricky materials

LO: Explore materials that are hard to categorise, understanding that pouring solids are still solids and some liquids flow slowly.

🌱 SeedlingKnows sand is made of tiny solids.
🌿 SaplingExplains why sand is a solid even though it pours.
🌳 OakExplains why materials like toothpaste are hard to sort.

Lesson structure (≈44 min)

PhaseMinWhat happens
Arrival4Recap L1 (the three states).
Starter5Pouring solids and slow liquids introduced.
I do 16Sand, honey and toothpaste examined (video).
We do 16Sort tricky materials together — some sit between groups.
I do 24Sand looks like a liquid (animation: grains vs a puddle).
We do 25Solid, liquid or tricky? Reason each one.
Independent10Tricky materials sorter (solid / liquid / hard to sort) + tiered write-up.
Exit4Three tiered questions.
Misconceptions to addressThat anything that pours must be a liquid — sand pours but is many tiny solid grains.
Resources: video States of matter for kids; sand-vs-water animation; Tricky Materials Sorter; TA Focus; Cold Call; print pack.
Open Lesson 2 →
3

Change states

LO: Understand that heating and cooling change a material’s state, and that melting, freezing, evaporation and condensation are reversible.

🌱 SeedlingKnows ice melts when heated.
🌿 SaplingNames the four changes of state.
🌳 OakExplains why changes of state are reversible.

Lesson structure (≈44 min)

PhaseMinWhat happens
Arrival4Recap L2 (tricky materials).
Starter5The four changes of state and their names.
I do 16Melting, freezing, evaporation and condensation (video).
We do 16Match everyday examples to each change.
I do 24Melting and freezing go both ways (animation: ice ↔ water).
We do 25Heating or cooling? Sort statements.
Independent10Changing states sorter (heating / cooling / myth) + tiered write-up.
Exit4Three tiered questions.
Misconceptions to addressThat once a material melts it can’t turn back (it can — reversible), and that evaporation only happens at 100°C (it happens at everyday temperatures too).
Resources: video Changing states of matter; ice-water animation; Changing States Sorter; TA Focus; Cold Call; print pack.
Open Lesson 3 →
4

Use equipment: thermometer & stopwatch

LO: Use a thermometer and a stopwatch accurately to measure temperature (in °C) and time, ready for the experiments to come.

🌱 SeedlingKnows a thermometer measures temperature.
🌿 SaplingExplains how to read a thermometer accurately.
🌳 OakExplains why measuring beats guessing and what °C means.

Lesson structure (≈44 min)

PhaseMinWhat happens
Arrival4Recap L3 (changes of state).
Starter5Right tool for the job; safety — water below 50°C.
I do 16How to read a thermometer accurately (video).
We do 16Practise reading example scales together.
I do 24Read it at eye level (animation: thermometer and °C).
We do 25Which tool — thermometer or stopwatch?
Independent10Right tool sorter (thermometer / stopwatch / myth) + tiered write-up.
Exit4Three tiered questions.
Misconceptions to addressReading the scale from an angle, guessing instead of measuring, and confusing °C (degrees Celsius) with centimetres.
Resources: video How to read a thermometer; thermometer animation; Right Tool Sorter; TA Focus; Cold Call; print pack.
Open Lesson 4 →
5

Plan: a melting experiment

LO: Plan a fair test to investigate whether the temperature of the water affects the time it takes for ice to melt.

🌱 SeedlingSays what we will change.
🌿 SaplingSays what we change, measure and keep the same.
🌳 OakExplains why keeping things the same makes the test fair.

Lesson structure (≈44 min)

PhaseMinWhat happens
Arrival4Recap L4 (using equipment).
Starter5Fair testing in child-friendly words — change / measure / keep the same.
I do 16Model the plan; recall how ice melts (video).
We do 16Make a prediction and agree the plan.
I do 24Our fair test (animation: identical ice in warm vs cold water).
We do 25Change, measure or keep the same? Sort.
Independent10Fair test sorter (change / measure / keep the same) + tiered write-up.
Exit4Three tiered questions.
Misconceptions to addressWanting to change more than one thing at once, which makes the test unfair.
Resources: Enquiry: does water temperature affect how fast ice melts? video Melting; fair-test animation; Fair Test Sorter; TA Focus; Cold Call; print pack.
Open Lesson 5 →
6

Investigate: the melting experiment

LO: Carry out the melting fair test, take careful thermometer readings, and form a conclusion.

🌱 SeedlingSays which water melts ice faster.
🌿 SaplingWrites a conclusion about temperature and melting.
🌳 OakExplains why warmer water melts ice faster.

Lesson structure (≈44 min)

PhaseMinWhat happens
Arrival4Recap L5 (the melting plan).
Starter5Set up safely (water below 50°C); record units in the header.
I do 16Model careful observation and recording (video).
We do 16Compare the containers; start a conclusion.
I do 24Warm melts faster (animation: two beakers).
We do 25Faster or slower? Sort statements.
Independent10Melting results sorter (faster / slower / myth) + tiered write-up.
Exit4Three tiered questions.
Misconceptions to addressThat the water’s temperature makes no difference, or that colder water melts ice faster.
Resources: video Melting; two-beakers animation; Melting Results Sorter; TA Focus; Cold Call; print pack.
Open Lesson 6 →
7

The water cycle

LO: Identify the part played by evaporation and condensation in the water cycle, and know that water is recycled.

🌱 SeedlingNames evaporation and precipitation.
🌿 SaplingNames the stages of the water cycle.
🌳 OakExplains why no new water is ever made.

Lesson structure (≈44 min)

PhaseMinWhat happens
Arrival4Recap L6 (the melting investigation).
Starter5Name the stages: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, collection.
I do 16The water cycle traced from sea to cloud to rain (video).
We do 16Label the stages on a diagram together.
I do 24Round and round (animation: the water cycle).
We do 25Which stage is it? Sort examples.
Independent10Water cycle sorter (evaporation / condensation / precipitation) + tiered write-up.
Exit4Three tiered questions.
Misconceptions to addressThat the Sun ‘absorbs’ the water (its heat evaporates it), and that clouds are a gas (they are tiny liquid droplets).
Resources: video The water cycle for kids; water-cycle animation; Water Cycle Sorter; TA Focus; Cold Call; print pack.
Open Lesson 7 →
8

Plan: an evaporation experiment

LO: Plan a fair test to investigate whether the temperature of a place affects how fast water evaporates.

🌱 SeedlingSays what we will change.
🌿 SaplingSays what we change, measure and keep the same.
🌳 OakExplains why this makes a fair evaporation test.

Lesson structure (≈44 min)

PhaseMinWhat happens
Arrival4Recap L7 (the water cycle).
Starter5Same water in three places; measured over hours.
I do 16Model the plan; recall evaporation (video).
We do 16Predict and agree the plan.
I do 24Our evaporation test (animation: three dishes, fridge/room/radiator).
We do 25Change, measure or keep the same? Sort.
Independent10Fair test sorter (change / measure / keep the same) + tiered write-up.
Exit4Three tiered questions.
Misconceptions to addressThat evaporation won’t happen below 100°C — it happens at everyday temperatures.
Resources: Enquiry: does the temperature of a place affect how fast water evaporates? video Evaporation; three-dishes animation; Fair Test Sorter; TA Focus; Cold Call; print pack.
Open Lesson 8 →
9

Investigate: the evaporation experiment

LO: Carry out the evaporation fair test, take careful measurements, and find the link between temperature and evaporation.

🌱 SeedlingSays which place dried fastest.
🌿 SaplingWrites a conclusion about temperature and evaporation.
🌳 OakExplains why warmer places dry the water fastest.

Lesson structure (≈44 min)

PhaseMinWhat happens
Arrival4Recap L8 (the evaporation plan).
Starter5Measure each place’s temperature; a small volume is easier to watch.
I do 16Model careful recording over time (video).
We do 16Compare the places; start a conclusion.
I do 24Warm places dry fastest (animation: warm dish empties, fridge stays full).
We do 25More or less evaporation? Sort.
Independent10Evaporation results sorter (more / less / myth) + tiered write-up.
Exit4Three tiered questions.
Misconceptions to addressThat evaporation only happens at 100°C, or that temperature makes no difference to it.
Resources: video Evaporation; days animation; Evaporation Results Sorter; TA Focus; Cold Call; print pack.
Open Lesson 9 →
10

Evaluate: the evaporation experiment

LO: Analyse the data, draw a conclusion, compare with other groups, and suggest improvements to the experiment.

🌱 SeedlingSays what we concluded.
🌿 SaplingWrites a conclusion and one improvement.
🌳 OakWrites a conclusion, an improvement and a question for next time.

Lesson structure (≈44 min)

PhaseMinWhat happens
Arrival4Recap L9 and review the whole block.
Starter5Conclusion, comparison, improvement, further questions.
I do 16Model drawing a conclusion from data (video).
We do 16Write a class conclusion; spot improvements.
I do 24The pattern in our data (animation: bar chart cold→hot).
We do 25Conclusion, improvement or not relevant? Sort.
Independent10Evaluation sorter (conclusion / improvement / not relevant) + write the evaluation.
Exit4Tiered questions; block review.
Misconceptions to addressWriting a conclusion that ignores the data, or thinking temperature doesn’t matter despite the results.
Resources: video Evaporation review; bar-chart animation; Evaluation Sorter; TA Focus; Cold Call; print pack.
Open Lesson 10 →