Year 5 · Autumn 1.1 · Step 9

Earth & Space

Use small forces for greater effects

Levers, pulleys and gears — simple mechanisms that turn a small force into a much bigger effect.

Arrival Starter I do We do Independent Exit ticket
🌱 Seedling · Working towards 🌿 Sapling · Expected 🌳 Oak · Greater depth

⏱ Whole lesson ≈ 44 min · pick a tier in the bar, or leave on "All"

Arrival 4 min

Recap of last lesson: gravity, mass and weight.

Recap: gravity

🌱 Seedling
Working towards

Gravity is a ____ force that pulls objects ____.

🌿 Sapling
Expected
  1. Difference between mass and weight?
  2. What unit is weight in?
🌳 Oak
Greater depth

Some jobs need a big force. How might a simple machine let a small force do a big job?

Bridge into todayFinal lesson: mechanisms — levers, pulleys and gears — that turn a small force into a greater effect.
Starter 5 min

Try to open a tin lid with fingers, then with a lever (spoon).

Make the job easier

A mechanism changes a small force into a larger one, making jobs easier. Three key ones: levers, pulleys and gears.

🌱 Seedling
Working towards

Match: seesaw → ?   bicycle → ?   flagpole rope → ?

🌿 Sapling
Expected

Give a real example of a lever, a pulley and a gear.

🌳 Oak
Greater depth

Why does using a lever let you lift something you couldn't lift by hand?

I do · 1 6 min

Teacher models. Watch, then name the three mechanisms.

Levers, pulleys and gears

▶ Can't see it? Watch "Simple machines — KS2 Science" on YouTube

Swap the clip: change the ID after /embed/ (now Kc_q6AH_CWY).

Say thisA lever turns around a pivot. A pulley is a cable over one or more wheels. A gear is a toothed wheel. All three let a smaller force have a greater effect. Smaller gears with fewer teeth spin faster.
⚖️
Leverrotates on a pivot
🎣
Pulleycable over wheels
⚙️
Geartoothed wheel
We do · 1 6 min

Match everyday objects to the mechanism they use.

Spot the mechanism

🪚 seesaw   🚲 bicycle gears   🚩 flagpole rope   ✂️ scissors   🏗️ crane

Which one?
seesaw & scissors → lever · flagpole rope & crane → pulley · bicycle → gears
Each turns a smaller effort into a bigger effect.
I do · 2 4 min

Play the animation. Bust: bigger gear / longer lever means faster or easier is not always so.

Small force, big effect

big load small effort pivot A lever turns a small force into a greater effect

A small effort far from the pivot lifts a big load close to it.

Model the ruleThe further your effort is from the pivot, the less force you need to lift a heavy load. With gears, smaller gears (fewer teeth) turn faster than larger ones.

Watch for: "bigger gears spin faster" — it's the smaller gear with fewer teeth that spins faster.

We do · 2 5 min

Sort a few examples as a class.

Lever, pulley or gear?

Decide together
a crowbar → ?   a well bucket on a rope-and-wheel → ?   clock cogs → ?
Lever, pulley or gear? Say how each makes the job easier.
Independent 10 min

On your own. Sort each example, then write at your tier.

Mechanism sorter

⚖️ Lever

🎣 Pulley

⚙️ Gear

Tap a card to sort it…

🌱 Seedling
Working towards

Sort the cards. Then finish: A mechanism turns a small force into a ____ one.

🌿 Sapling
Expected

Sort them, then write how a lever makes lifting a heavy load easier.

🌳 Oak
Greater depth

Explain why smaller gears spin faster, and why moving effort further from the pivot helps.

Exit ticket 4 min

Answer at your tier, then hand it in. Block review.

Show what you know

🌱 Seedling
Working towards
  • Name the three mechanisms.
  • A mechanism turns a small force into a ____ one.
🌿 Sapling
Expected
  • Give a real example of a lever and a pulley.
  • Do smaller or larger gears spin faster?
🌳 Oak
Greater depth

Pick one mechanism and explain how it lets a smaller force have a greater effect.

TA Focus · Mechanisms
Three names to hold: lever (pivot), pulley (cable + wheels), gear (toothed wheel). All turn a small force into a greater effect. For the sorter, ask 'is it a pivot, a rope-and-wheel, or teeth?' Watch for the gear myth — smaller gears spin faster.
Cold Call · Question bank
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