GROW · Week 3 of 8

Cause and Consequence

Humanities · Migration & the Making of Modern Teesside

Progress SoW · Humanities Aut 1 · 2026–27 · GROW · Week 3

Enquiry: How do personal motives, wider conditions and triggers combine to shape migration and its consequences?

Success looks like

I can sort causes into motive, condition and trigger
I can rank causes and defend my ranking
I can show how two causes connected

Aspire · LAUNCH reach: argue which cause was NECESSARY — would it still have happened without it?

Teacher Print Tools — Week 3

Arrival Task

Arrival Task – What Do You Already Know?

1. Sources (Last week)

Name one thing a proud postcard withholds.

Poverty, smoke, trouble.

2. Move (Recall)

What is a push factor?

Something driving people away.

3. Move (Recall)

What is a pull factor?

Something attracting people.

4. Local (Recall)

Name one community that came to the Tees.

Irish, Welsh, Scottish, Yorkshire, European…

1. Retrieval (Last week)

Provenance predicts…?

Selection — what's shown and withheld.

2. Types (Recall)

Motive, condition, trigger — which is the EVENT that starts the move?

Trigger.

3. Example (Apply)

Famine: motive, condition or trigger for 1840s Irish migration?

Mostly trigger (crisis) on top of conditions (poverty, land system).

4. Link (Recall)

One phrase that chains causes.

Which meant / as a result / combined with.

1. Retrieval (Last week)

'Both true of something' — what move is this?

Reconciling honest sources via purpose.

2. Necessity (Think)

'No ironstone, no Middlesbrough.' What kind of claim?

Necessary condition — counterfactual reasoning.

3. Weighting (Think)

How would you test which cause was DECISIVE?

Counterfactual removal; compare cases; timing evidence.

4. Precision (Apply)

Improve: 'People came because of jobs.'

Specify motive (wages), condition (iron boom) and trigger (recruitment/letter).

Starter

Starter: One Ticket, Three Reasons

Key Question: A Welsh ironworker buys a one-way ticket to Middlesbrough in 1860. In his pocket: a wage slip, a rent demand, and his cousin's letter. Which one made him go?

💷

The Wage Slip

Tees furnaces pay a shilling more

Motive

🏚️

The Rent Demand

Merthyr rents climbing, work slowing

Condition

✉️

The Cousin's Letter

'Lodgings sorted. Start Monday.'

Trigger

🎫

The Ticket

All three, folded together

Causes combine

Pairs: rank the three papers by importance — then defend your #1 in one sentence.

I Do

I Do: Motive, Condition, Trigger

Key Idea: Causes come in kinds: motives move individuals, conditions set the stage, triggers fire the starting gun.

👀 Look: a trigger with no conditions is just a bad day. Name all three kinds.

📖 The Three Kinds

Motive — Personal reason — wages, safety, ambition, family.

Condition — Background state — boom here, hardship there, routes open.

Trigger — The event that converts intention into a journey.

🧠 Watch me think — one journey, dissected

The case: a Welsh ironworker leaving Merthyr for the Tees.

🛠️ ❤️ MOTIVE — better pay. His own reason, on the wage slip.

🛠️ 🌍 CONDITION — Merthyr slowing, the Tees booming. Neither is his doing.

🛠️ ⚡ TRIGGER — the letter: lodgings sorted, start Monday.

✅ Answer: all three, and you can test it. Remove the trigger and he waits. Remove the condition and there is nothing to wait for.

We Do

We Do: Motive, Condition or Trigger?

How to play: Tap a cause from Teesside's migration story, then tap its kind. Score: 0/8

Step 1: Tap an item · Step 2: Tap its group

⛏️ Iron boom on the Tees

💷 Wanting better wages

✉️ 'Lodgings sorted. Start Monday.'

🥔 Years of rural poverty in Ireland

🏭 Works recruiter visits the valley

👪 Joining a brother already here

🚂 Cheap rail fares north

🔒 The pit at home closes for good

❤️ MOTIVE (personal reason)

🌍 CONDITION (background state)

⚡ TRIGGER (starting event)

I Do

I Do: Chains and Weighting

Key Idea: Causes chain — condition enables motive, trigger releases it — and historians argue about which link bore the weight.

📖 Weighting Moves

Counterfactual — 'Without X, would it still have happened?'

Comparison — Same conditions, different outcomes — what differed?

Timing — The cause nearest the decision is often the trigger, not the heaviest.

Then the other half: every cause has CONSEQUENCES — and they arrive at different speeds. ⏱️ Short-term (weeks), 📅 Medium (years), 🏛️ Long-term (generations).

🧠 Watch me think

Test the letter with a counterfactual: no letter — does he still go? Probably, later, somewhere on the Tees — the CONDITIONS were pulling hard. So the letter chose the WHEN and WHERE; the boom chose the WHETHER. That's weighting: decisive vs contributory.

We Do

We Do: Match the Cause → Its Role in the Chain

How to play: Tap a card, then tap its correct partner. Score: 0/6

⛏️ The Tees iron boom

💷 Higher wages wanted

✉️ Cousin's letter

🥔 The Irish famine

🚂 The railway network

🔒 Pit closure at home

Push trigger — removes the alternative

Motive — moves the individual

Trigger — sets when and where

Enabler — makes the journey possible

Crisis — condition and trigger at once

Condition — the stage on which all else plays

Independent Work

Independent Work — Show What You Know

Instructions: Work at your level on the printed sheet. Move up a level when you are ready — this is your call to make.

Supported

Task: Chain strip: label each of 5 cause cards M/C/T, then arrange them into one family's chain.

Steps: Label first · arrange condition → motive → trigger · read the chain aloud to a partner.

Standard

Task: Explain one journey with all three kinds explicitly labelled and linked, then weight them: which was decisive?

Steps: One paragraph, kinds named · counterfactual test on your decisive cause · 'contributory vs decisive' verdict.

Stretch

Task: Compare TWO families whose conditions matched but outcomes differed; use the comparison to weight causes.

Steps: Both chains built · the differing link isolated · verdict paragraph: what the comparison proves about weighting.

Lundy Loop

Lundy Loop — Your Voice in This Enquiry

Why: Article 12 — your view on this history counts, and it changes what we do next week.

🚪 SPACE

The Causes Web on the wall accepts new strands anytime — string and labels are on the shelf.

📣 VOICE

Defend your 'decisive cause' verdict aloud in the two-minute soapbox — challengers welcome.

👥 AUDIENCE

Your weighting verdicts are the worked examples in Friday's BUILD lesson — younger eyes will read them.

⭐ INFLUENCE

Ballot: which person from the chains becomes Week 4's agency case study? Your pick shapes the lesson.

Exit Ticket

Instructions: Answer independently. No notes.

1.

Name the three kinds of cause.

Motive, condition, trigger.

2.

The cousin's letter is which kind?

Trigger.

3.

The iron boom is which kind?

Condition.

1.

Why can the famine be condition AND trigger?

Long hardship (condition) reaching crisis (trigger) — kinds can stack.

2.

Give the counterfactual test in one line.

'Without X, would it still have happened?'

3.

Decisive vs contributory — define briefly.

Decisive: outcome turns on it; contributory: helps but not alone.

1.

Why is the trigger rarely the heaviest cause?

It times the decision the conditions already loaded.

2.

How does comparison isolate a cause's weight?

Matched conditions + different outcomes point at the differing link.

3.

Weight the 1850 ironstone find: decisive for what, contributory to what?

Decisive for Middlesbrough's boom; contributory to wider industrial Britain.

Knowledge Organiser (GROW W3): Cause and Consequence

Humanities Aut 1 · 2026–27 · Enquiry: How do personal motives, wider conditions and triggers combine to shape migration and its consequences?

Key Word	Definition
Motive	Personal reason to move
Condition	Background state enabling events
Trigger	Event that starts the action
Counterfactual	'Without X…' reasoning
Decisive cause	The link the outcome turns on
Contributory cause	Helps, but not alone sufficient

Key Facts

Causes chain: conditions enable, motives aim, triggers fire.
The cause nearest the decision is usually the trigger — not the heaviest.
Historians weight causes with counterfactuals and comparisons.
The 1850 ironstone find: condition for a town, decisive for THIS town.

Arrival Task

1) Name one thing a proud postcard withholds.

2) What is a push factor?

3) What is a pull factor?

4) Name one community that came to the Tees.

1) Provenance predicts…?

2) Motive, condition, trigger — which is the EVENT that starts the move?

3) Famine: motive, condition or trigger for 1840s Irish migration?

4) One phrase that chains causes.

1) 'Both true of something' — what move is this?

2) 'No ironstone, no Middlesbrough.' What kind of claim?

3) How would you test which cause was DECISIVE?

4) Improve: 'People came because of jobs.'

Starter: One Ticket, Three Reasons

Key Question: A Welsh ironworker buys a one-way ticket to Middlesbrough in 1860. In his pocket: a wage slip, a rent demand, and his cousin's letter. Which one made him go?

We Do 1: We Do: Motive, Condition or Trigger?

Groups: ❤️ MOTIVE (personal reason), 🌍 CONDITION (background state), ⚡ TRIGGER (starting event). Sort: ⛏️ Iron boom on the Tees, 💷 Wanting better wages, ✉️ 'Lodgings sorted. Start Monday.', 🥔 Years of rural poverty in Ireland, 🏭 Works recruiter visits the valley, 👪 Joining a brother already here, 🚂 Cheap rail fares north, 🔒 The pit at home closes for good

We Do 2: We Do: Match the Cause → Its Role in the Chain

Draw lines to match:

⛏️ The Tees iron boom · 💷 Higher wages wanted · ✉️ Cousin's letter · 🥔 The Irish famine · 🚂 The railway network · 🔒 Pit closure at home

Push trigger — removes the alternative · Motive — moves the individual · Trigger — sets when and where · Enabler — makes the journey possible · Crisis — condition and trigger at once · Condition — the stage on which all else plays

Scaffolding – Supported

Word Bank

motive, condition, trigger, chain, because, letter, boom

Frames

"The condition was…" | "His motive was…" | "The trigger came when…"

Scaffolding – Standard

Weighting Structure

Chain: C → M → T, labelled. Test: counterfactual on one link. Verdict: "___ was decisive because without it ___; ___ was contributory because ___."

Scaffolding – Stretch

Comparison frames

"Both families faced ___, yet only ___ moved" | "The differing link was ___" | "This comparison shows ___ carried the weight because ___"

📘 Reference Zone — keep this beside your work

Part one — the three kinds of cause

Kind	Test question	Local example
❤️ MOTIVE	Is this a PERSON’s own reason?	Wanting better wages
🌍 CONDITION	Was this true anyway, whoever was involved?	The iron boom on the Tees
⚡ TRIGGER	Did this decide the WHEN and WHERE?	“Lodgings sorted. Start Monday.”

Weighting — which link bore the weight?

Counterfactual: without X, would it still have happened? Comparison: same conditions, different outcome — what differed? Timing: nearest is not heaviest.

Worked: no letter — does he still go? Probably, later, somewhere on the Tees. So the letter chose the WHEN and WHERE; the boom chose the WHETHER. Decisive vs contributory.

Part two — consequences arrive at different speeds

Speed	Roughly	Ironstone, 1850
⏱️ SHORT-TERM	Weeks to months	Recruiters arrive; the first crews are hired
📅 MEDIUM-TERM	Years	Terraces thrown up; whole families follow; chapels built
🏛️ LONG-TERM	Decades to generations	A town of 90,000; a steel identity that outlives the works

⚡ The GROW move: a consequence can outlive its cause. The ore ran out; the town did not.

🛑 CONDITION OR TRIGGER? THEY BOTH FEEL LIKE “WHY”.

Ask: could you put a DATE on it?

A single dateable event → TRIGGER ⚡ (the letter arrived that Tuesday)

A state of affairs lasting years → CONDITION 🌍 (the boom ran for decades)

And if it is one person’s own reason, it is a MOTIVE ❤️ whatever its date.

❓ IS IT A CAUSE OR A CONSEQUENCE? IT LOOKS LIKE BOTH.

Often it is both — and saying so is the stronger answer.

Migrants arriving is a consequence of the iron boom AND a cause of the housing rush. Write it as a chain: “___ caused ___, which in turn caused ___.”

🔤 Words I might need: motive · condition · trigger · counterfactual · decisive · contributory · consequence · long-term

🔗 Independent Work – Supported (LABEL & CHAIN)

Build the Chain

1) Label the 5 cards: M / C / T.

2) Arrange: CONDITION → MOTIVE → TRIGGER.

3) "The trigger came when…"

⚖️ Independent Work – Standard (EXPLAIN & WEIGH)

Label, Link, Weight

1) One journey, three kinds named and linked:

2) Counterfactual test on the decisive cause:

3) Verdict — decisive vs contributory:

🧮 Independent Work – Stretch (WEIGH & TRACE CONSEQUENCES)

Comparison Weighting

1) Family A chain / Family B chain:

2) The matched conditions, the differing link:

3) What the comparison proves about weighting:

Exit Ticket – Supported

1) Name the three kinds of cause.

2) The cousin's letter is which kind?

3) The iron boom is which kind?

Exit Ticket – Standard

1) Why can the famine be condition AND trigger?

2) Give the counterfactual test in one line.

3) Decisive vs contributory — define briefly.

Exit Ticket – Stretch

1) Why is the trigger rarely the heaviest cause?

2) How does comparison isolate a cause's weight?

3) Weight the 1850 ironstone find: decisive for what, contributory to what?

Lundy Loop — this lesson

Space → Voice → Audience → Influence. The adult’s first job is Space: regulate before you educate.

Space	The Causes Web on the wall accepts new strands anytime — string and labels are on the shelf.
Voice	Defend your 'decisive cause' verdict aloud in the two-minute soapbox — challengers welcome.
Audience	Your weighting verdicts are the worked examples in Friday's BUILD lesson — younger eyes will read them.
Influence	Ballot: which person from the chains becomes Week 4's agency case study? Your pick shapes the lesson.

Closing the loop: this one ends on paper — your own hand, or your words scribed by an adult. Saying it aloud starts the loop; writing it is what closes it. Pass is always allowed.

What I said, and what it changed: