Physics Lesson 2

Voltage, Current & Resistance

Ohm's Law & Charge Flow

🔋

⚡

💡

Learning Objectives (Spec 2.13 & 2.14):

2.13 – Know and use the relationship: V = I × R (voltage = current × resistance).
2.14 – Know that current is the rate of flow of charge.

Navigation: Arrow Keys or Spacebar

Teacher Print Tools – Pupil Packs (One Click = All Pages)

⏱️ 40-Minute Pacing Guide

Core path (40 min): Arrival → Starter → I Do 1 → We Do 1 → I Do 2 → We Do 2 → Independent → Exit Ticket

FLEX slides (I Do 3 + We Do 3): Use if time allows, or as next-lesson warm-up. Marked with 🟠 FLEX badge.

⏱️ 4 min

Arrival Task

Arrival Task – Recall from Lesson 1

Instructions: Answer these questions in your books from memory. Questions 1–3 are recall from our Circuits lesson (L1). Question 4 leads into today's lesson.

1. Circuit Recall 🟢

Draw the correct circuit symbol for each of these components: a cell, a lamp, and a switch.

Cell: two vertical lines (one long thin, one short thick). Lamp: a circle with a cross inside. Switch: a gap in the line with one end raised.

2. Circuit Recall 🟢

Name one difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit.

Series has one single loop / path. Parallel has more than one branch / path for current to flow through. (Also accept: if one lamp breaks in series, all go out; in parallel the others stay on.)

3. Circuit Recall 🟢

What piece of equipment do we use to measure current? Is it connected in series or in parallel?

An ammeter. It is connected in series (in the loop).

4. Lead-in to Today ⚡

When you added more lamps in series, the bulbs got dimmer. What do you think the extra lamps were doing to the electricity?

Answers vary. Accept: the extra lamps slow the electricity down, they resist the flow, the energy is shared between more bulbs.

1. Circuit Recall 🟠

Draw the correct circuit symbols for: a cell, a lamp, an open switch, and an ammeter.

Cell: two vertical lines (long thin + short thick). Lamp: circle with cross. Open switch: line with raised gap. Ammeter: circle with letter A inside.

2. Circuit Recall 🟠

State two differences between a series circuit and a parallel circuit.

Series: one loop, current is the same everywhere, if one component breaks the whole circuit stops. Parallel: multiple branches, voltage is the same across each branch, other branches keep working if one breaks.

3. Circuit Recall 🟠

An ammeter measures current and a voltmeter measures voltage. State how each must be connected in a circuit and explain why.

Ammeter: in series (in the loop) so all the current flows through it. Voltmeter: in parallel (across a component) so it measures the energy difference across that component.

4. Lead-in to Today ⚡

When you added more lamps in series, the bulbs got dimmer. Using the word "resistance", explain why you think this happened.

Adding more lamps increases the total resistance of the circuit. More resistance opposes the flow of current, so less current flows. With less current, each lamp receives less energy and glows dimmer.

1. Circuit Recall 🔵

Draw and label a complete series circuit containing: a cell, a switch, two lamps, and an ammeter measuring the total current. Use correct symbols and golden rules.

A single closed loop with all components drawn using standard symbols. Straight lines, 90° corners, components on straight sections. Ammeter in the main loop (in series).

2. Circuit Recall 🔵

Explain why houses are wired in parallel rather than in series. Give two reasons with scientific detail.

1. Each appliance gets the full mains voltage (230 V) because voltage is the same across each branch in parallel. 2. If one appliance breaks or is switched off, the other branches are unaffected — the circuit is not broken for the whole house.

3. Circuit Recall 🔵

In your circuits lesson, each lamp had a resistance of 10 Ω and the cell provided 9 V. If two lamps were connected in series, the total resistance was 20 Ω. Using I = V ÷ R, calculate the current.

I = V ÷ R = 9 ÷ 20 = 0.45 A

4. Lead-in to Today ⚡

A single lamp in the same 9 V circuit would have a current of 0.9 A, but two lamps in series only gave 0.45 A. Explain why doubling the resistance halved the current, using the relationship between V, I and R.

Using V = I × R (or I = V ÷ R): the voltage stays at 9 V but the total resistance doubles from 10 Ω to 20 Ω. Since I = V ÷ R, dividing 9 by 20 gives 0.45 A instead of 0.9 A. Current is inversely proportional to resistance when voltage is constant — so doubling R halves I.

⏱️ 3 min

Starter

Starter: Match the Quantity to Its Unit

Instructions: Copy the table below into your exercise book and match each electrical quantity to its correct unit and symbol. You have 4 minutes.

📝 Copy & complete this table:

Quantity	Letter Symbol	Unit	Unit Symbol
Voltage
Current
Resistance
Charge

🌟 Extension: Can you think of an everyday analogy for voltage, current and resistance? (e.g. water flowing through pipes)

⚡ Word Bank

V – Volts A – Amps Ω – Ohms C – Coulombs

V I R Q

Use these symbols and units to complete your table. One letter and unit per row!

💡 Hint: Current uses the letter I (from the French intensité). Resistance uses the Greek letter omega Ω.

💡 Did You Know?

A bolt of lightning has a voltage of about 300 million volts and a current of 30,000 amps. Using V = IR, that gives a resistance of only 10,000 Ω for several kilometres of air — which shows just how powerful lightning is at forcing current through an insulator!

⏱️ 4 min

I Do

I Do: What Is Current? (Spec 2.14)

Learning Objective: Know that current is the rate of flow of charge.

⚡ Current = Rate of Flow of Charge

Electric current is the rate of flow of electrical charge through a circuit. Charge is carried by tiny particles called electrons.

The more charge that flows past a point each second, the bigger the current.

📐 Key Definitions

Charge (Q) is measured in coulombs (C).

Current (I) is measured in amperes / amps (A).

A current of 1 amp means 1 coulomb of charge flows past a point every second.

🌍 Why This Matters

Every appliance in your home — kettle, phone charger, games console — uses V = IR. Electricians use this equation to check if wiring is safe. Too much current and wires overheat. This formula literally prevents house fires.

💡 Water Pipe Analogy:
Think of charge like water molecules and current like the flow rate of water through a pipe. A bigger current = more water flowing per second.

Charge Flowing Through a Wire

🌟 Think Deeper: Electrons actually flow from negative to positive (electron flow), but we draw conventional current from positive to negative. Scientists agreed this convention before discovering electrons!

"Current gets used up as it goes round the circuit, so the second lamp glows less."In a series circuit the current is the same everywhere. Lamps don't use up current — they use up energy from the voltage.

🔑 Keywords to Know

Voltage (V)	The "push" that drives current. Measured in volts.
Current (I)	The flow of charge. Measured in amps.
Resistance (R)	Anything that slows the flow. Measured in ohms (Ω).
Ohm's Law	V = I × R — the relationship linking the three.

⏱️ 5 min

We Do

We Do: Label & Match Game

Instructions: As a class — Step 1: Select a label from the bank. Step 2: Click the correct slot to place it. Match all 10 to win!

👥 Think-Pair-Share: Try it yourself → discuss with your partner → agree on the answer.

Label Bank — click one, then click where it belongs 👇

Amps (A) Volts (V) Ohms (Ω) Coulombs (C) Ammeter Voltmeter In series In parallel Rate of flow of charge Energy per coulomb

Part A: Match the Unit & Definition

Voltage (V)	Unit: ?	Means: ?
Current (I)	Unit: ?	Means: ?
Resistance (R)	Unit: ?
Charge (Q)	Unit: ?

Part B: Match the Instrument & Connection

Measures current: ? connected ?

Measures voltage: ? connected ?

Matched: 0 / 10 🏆

⏱️ 4 min

I Do

I Do: Ohm's Law – V = I × R (Spec 2.13)

Learning Objective: Know and use the relationship: voltage = current × resistance (V = I × R).

📜 The Equation

V = I × R

V = Voltage (Volts, V)
I = Current (Amps, A)
R = Resistance (Ohms, Ω)

🔄 Rearranging the Formula

You can rearrange V = I × R to find any unknown:

V = I × R

I = V ÷ R

R = V ÷ I

💡 Use the VIR Triangle: Cover the quantity you want to find. What remains is the formula. Cover V → I × R. Cover I → V ÷ R. Cover R → V ÷ I.

The VIR Formula Triangle

Cover what you need — the rest gives you the formula!

✏️ Worked Example

Q: A current of 3 A flows through a 4 Ω resistor. Calculate the voltage.

Step 1: Write the formula: V = I × R

Step 2: Substitute: V = 3 × 4

Step 3: Calculate: V = 12 V

Always write the formula first. Examiners give 1 mark just for V = I × R, even if the calculation is wrong. Don't skip this step under time pressure!

⏱️ 5 min

We Do

We Do: VIR Triangle Challenge ⚡

Instructions: The triangle covers the unknown variable. Work out the formula, calculate the answer, and type it in. Get all 6 to earn full marks!

Before we start: Turn to your partner and quickly check — which formula do you use to find current when you know V and R? Compare answers in 30 seconds.

💡 Priming: most of these questions ask for I — so I = V ÷ R will save you time. The exam will test the same rearrangement.

👥 Think-Pair-Share: Try it yourself → discuss with your partner → agree on the answer.

Ready? Let's go!

Click Start Challenge to begin!

Score: 0 / 6 ⚡

⏱️ 4 min · FLEX

I Do

I Do: V, I, R in Real Circuits

Key Idea: Voltage is the "push" from the battery, current is the flow that results, and resistance is what opposes that flow.

🔋 The Water-Pipe Model

"Voltage flows through a wire just like current does."Voltage is across components (a difference between two points), not through them. That's why we measure voltage in parallel — across — and current in series — through.

📋 Summary Table

Quantity	What it means	Analogy
Voltage (V)	The "push" or energy given to each coulomb of charge	Water pressure / pump strength
Current (I)	The rate of flow of charge through the circuit	Flow rate of water
Resistance (R)	How much a component opposes the flow of current	Narrow section of pipe

How V, I, R Are Connected

🌟 Real-World Link: UK mains supply is 230 V. A phone charger uses about 5 V. The higher the voltage, the more energy each coulomb of charge carries — that's why mains electricity is much more dangerous!

⏱️ 5 min · FLEX

We Do

We Do: Circuit Detective 🔍

Instructions: Each appliance card shows 2 of the 3 values (V, I, R). Use V = I × R to work out the missing value. Type your answer and click Check!

👥 Think-Pair-Share: Try it yourself → discuss with your partner → agree on the answer.

🔦

Torch

V = ?

I = 0.5 A

R = 6 Ω

📱

Phone Charger

V = 5 V

I = ?

R = 2.5 Ω

💡

Desk Lamp

V = 12 V

I = 3 A

R = ?

☕

Kettle

V = ?

I = 10 A

R = 23 Ω

💇

Hairdryer

V = 230 V

I = 5 A

R = ?

🎮

Games Console

V = 12 V

I = ?

R = 4 Ω

Cases Solved:

0/6 🏆

⏱️ 8 min

Independent Work

Instructions: Complete the tasks in your printed worksheet pack independently. Use your Knowledge Organiser or Scaffolding Sheet if you need support.

📝 Your Printed Pack Contains:

Section A: Recall Questions – Multiple choice and short answer (all levels).

Section B: Application – V = I × R calculations, table completion, circuit analysis.

Section C: Exam-Style Questions – Differentiated by level (2 per tier).

Need help? Check the Scaffolding Sheet at the front of your pack. It has the VIR triangle, worked examples, and key equations.

📝 Exam Command Words:
State = write a fact, no explanation needed.
Calculate = show the formula, substitute, get the answer + unit.
Explain = say what happens AND why (use "because").
Describe = say what happens step by step (no "why" needed).

🏆 Success Criteria

Foundation (Grades U–1): I can state what current is, give the units for V, I and R, and use V = I × R to find V when given I and R.

Middle (Grades 1–2): I can rearrange V = I × R to find any unknown, show full working, and explain V, I, R using the water analogy.

Higher (Grades 3–4): I can solve multi-step V = I × R problems in context, explain the link between current and charge flow, and evaluate real-world scenarios.

✅ Tick as you go — Success checklist

I know what voltage, current, and resistance are

I can write V = I × R and know the units

I can use V = I × R to find V

I can rearrange to find I or R (Middle/Higher)

⏱️ 3 min

Exit Ticket

Exit Ticket – Check Your Learning

Instructions: Answer these questions independently. No notes. This checks what you've remembered from today's lesson.

Tip: If you can't remember V = I × R, picture the VIR triangle. V on top, I × R on the bottom. Cover what you want to find.

🟢 I'm confident — I could teach this

🟡 Getting there — need more practice

🔴 I'm stuck — I need help

1) What is current the rate of flow of?

Charge.

2) Write the formula that links voltage, current and resistance.

V = I × R

3) A current of 4 A flows through a 3 Ω resistor. Calculate the voltage.

V = I × R = 4 × 3 = 12 V

PHYSICS · LESSON 2 · SPEC 2.13 & 2.14 Foundation (Grades U–1)

Voltage, Current & Resistance

Ohm's Law & Charge Flow — your tier-pitched cover sheet

Name

Class

Date

🎯 Learning Objectives

I can name the three quantities voltage, current and resistance and the unit each one is measured in.
I know that current is the flow of charge through a circuit.
I can write the equation V = I × R and use it to find V when I am given I and R.

🏆 Success Criteria — tick how you feel after the lesson

I can match V, I and R to their correct units (volts, amps, ohms).

✓ ~ ?

I can say what current is the flow of (charge).

✓ ~ ?

I can name the instrument that measures current and where it goes (ammeter, in series).

✓ ~ ?

I can use V = I × R to find the voltage when given the current and resistance.

✓ ~ ?

💭 Exit Reflection

One thing I learned today and one thing I'm still unsure about:

Key: ✓ = I've got this · ~ = Almost there, need a bit more practice · ? = I need help — please flag for next lesson

PHYSICS · LESSON 2 · SPEC 2.13 & 2.14 Middle (Grades 1–2)

Voltage, Current & Resistance

Ohm's Law & Charge Flow — your tier-pitched cover sheet

Name

Class

Date

🎯 Learning Objectives

I can define current as the rate of flow of charge.
I can write V = I × R and rearrange it to find any of V, I or R.
I can use the water-pipe analogy to explain what voltage, current and resistance mean.

🏆 Success Criteria — tick how you feel after the lesson

I can define current as the rate of flow of charge.

✓ ~ ?

I can rearrange V = I × R to make I or R the subject.

✓ ~ ?

I can show full working for a V = I × R calculation (formula → substitute → answer with unit).

✓ ~ ?

I can explain what voltage, current and resistance represent using the water-pipe analogy.

✓ ~ ?

I know that 1 amp = 1 coulomb of charge per second.

✓ ~ ?

💭 Exit Reflection

One thing I learned today and one thing I'm still unsure about:

Key: ✓ = I've got this · ~ = Almost there, need a bit more practice · ? = I need help — please flag for next lesson

PHYSICS · LESSON 2 · SPEC 2.13 & 2.14 Higher (Grades 3–4)

Voltage, Current & Resistance

Ohm's Law & Charge Flow — your tier-pitched cover sheet

Name

Class

Date

🎯 Learning Objectives

I can define current as the rate of flow of charge using precise scientific language.
I can confidently rearrange and apply V = I × R in multi-step exam-style questions.
I can explain, in terms of charge and electrons, why changing V or R affects the current.
I can evaluate the water-pipe analogy and identify at least one limitation.

🏆 Success Criteria — tick how you feel after the lesson

I can define current as "the rate of flow of charge" using exam-precise wording.

✓ ~ ?

I can solve multi-step problems using V = I × R, including series circuits where total resistance must be found first.

✓ ~ ?

I can explain why doubling V doubles I (when R is fixed) using the relationship between V, I and R.

✓ ~ ?

I can use the words charge, electrons, energy per coulomb in extended explanations.

✓ ~ ?

I can attempt the Grade 5 stretch question with full working and reasoning.

✓ ~ ?

💭 Exit Reflection

One thing I learned today and one thing I'm still unsure about:

Key: ✓ = I've got this · ~ = Almost there, need a bit more practice · ? = I need help — please flag for next lesson

Knowledge Organiser: Voltage, Current & Resistance

How to use: Read this before starting. Refer back during independent work. Cover it up for the exit ticket — that tests what you actually remember!

Concept	Details
Current (I)	The rate of flow of charge. Measured in amps (A) using an ammeter in series.
Charge (Q)	Measured in coulombs (C). Carried by electrons through a circuit.
Voltage (V)	The "push" or energy given to each coulomb of charge. Measured in volts (V) using a voltmeter in parallel.
Resistance (R)	How much a component opposes the flow of current. Measured in ohms (Ω).
Ohm's Law	V = I × R. Can be rearranged: I = V ÷ R and R = V ÷ I.
VIR Triangle	V on top, I × R on the bottom. Cover what you want to find.
1 Amp	A current of 1 A means 1 coulomb of charge flows past a point every second.
Water Analogy	Voltage = water pressure. Current = flow rate. Resistance = narrow pipe.
UK Mains	230 V supply. Higher voltage = more energy per coulomb = more dangerous.

🧠 Memory Tricks

"VIR Triangle" = V on top, I × R on bottom. Cover what you want!

Voltage = the push (like water pressure).

I = current = the flow (like water flow rate).

Resistance = the blockage (like a narrow pipe).

Finding I or R? You DIVIDE. Finding V? You MULTIPLY.

Arrival Task – Foundation (U–1) 🟢

Answer from memory in the boxes provided.

1. Draw the correct circuit symbol for each of these components: a cell, a lamp, and a switch.

2. Name one difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit.

3. What piece of equipment do we use to measure current? Is it connected in series or in parallel?

4. Lead-in: When you added more lamps in series, the bulbs got dimmer. What do you think the extra lamps were doing to the electricity?

Arrival Task – Middle (1–2) 🟠

Answer from memory in the boxes provided.

1. Draw the correct circuit symbols for: a cell, a lamp, an open switch, and an ammeter.

2. State two differences between a series circuit and a parallel circuit.

3. An ammeter measures current and a voltmeter measures voltage. State how each must be connected in a circuit and explain why.

4. Lead-in: When you added more lamps in series, the bulbs got dimmer. Using the word "resistance", explain why you think this happened.

Arrival Task – Higher (3–4) 🔵

Answer from memory in the boxes provided.

1. Draw and label a complete series circuit containing: a cell, a switch, two lamps, and an ammeter measuring the total current. Use correct symbols and golden rules.

2. Explain why houses are wired in parallel rather than in series. Give two reasons with scientific detail.

3. Each lamp has a resistance of 10 Ω and the cell provides 9 V. If two lamps are connected in series, the total resistance is 20 Ω. Using I = V ÷ R, calculate the current.

4. Lead-in: A single lamp gives 0.9 A, but two lamps in series only gave 0.45 A. Explain why doubling the resistance halved the current, using V, I and R.

Starter: Match the Quantity to Its Unit

Complete the table using the word bank.

Quantity	Letter Symbol	Unit	Unit Symbol
Voltage
Current
Resistance
Charge

Word bank: V, I, R, Q | Volts, Amps, Ohms, Coulombs | V, A, Ω, C

We Do Worksheet

Part A: Match the Quantity, Unit & Definition

Fill in each blank.

Quantity	What it means	Instrument	Connected…
Voltage (V)
Current (I)
Resistance (R)	Opposes current	—	—
Charge (Q)	Carried by electrons	—	—

Word bank: Volts (V) · Amps (A) · Ohms (Ω) · Coulombs (C) · Ammeter · Voltmeter · In series · In parallel · Energy per coulomb · Rate of flow of charge

Part B: VIR Triangle Practice

Use V = I × R (or rearranged). Show your working.

V (Volts)	I (Amps)	R (Ohms)
?	2	5
12	?	4
6	2	?

Part C: Circuit Detective

Calculate the missing value for each appliance.

Appliance	V	I	R
🔦 Torch	?	0.5 A	6 Ω
📱 Phone	5 V	?	2.5 Ω
☕ Kettle	?	10 A	23 Ω

Scaffolding Sheet

VIR Formula Triangle

Cover what you need to find!

Find…	Formula	Example
Voltage (V)	V = I × R	V = 3 × 4 = 12 V
Current (I)	I = V ÷ R	I = 12 ÷ 4 = 3 A
Resistance (R)	R = V ÷ I	R = 12 ÷ 3 = 4 Ω

Cover what you want — the rest is the formula!

Step-by-Step Method

Step 1: Write the formula you need.

Step 2: Substitute in the numbers.

Step 3: Calculate the answer.

Step 4: Write the unit (V, A, or Ω).

Key Definitions

Current = the rate of flow of charge (measured in amps, A).

Voltage = the energy given to each coulomb of charge (measured in volts, V).

Resistance = how much a component opposes the current (measured in ohms, Ω).

Independent Work – Foundation (Grades U–1)

You've got this! Use your scaffolding sheet. Write the formula first every time. Show your working — even partial working earns marks.

Section A: Recall (Multiple Choice & Short Answer)

1. Current is the rate of flow of…

[ ] Energy [ ] Charge [ ] Voltage

2. What unit is resistance measured in?

[ ] Volts [ ] Amps [ ] Ohms

3. Write the formula linking voltage, current and resistance.

4. What instrument measures current?

Section B: Application

5. Calculate the voltage for each circuit:

Current (I)	Resistance (R)	Voltage (V) = I × R
2 A	5 Ω
3 A	4 Ω
0.5 A	10 Ω
6 A	2 Ω

6. Match each quantity to its correct unit by drawing lines:

Voltage		Amps (A)
Current		Ohms (Ω)
Resistance		Volts (V)

Section C: Exam-Style Questions (Grade 2 Challenge — scaffolded)

7. (3 marks) A lamp has a current of 2 A flowing through it and a resistance of 6 Ω.

(a) Write the formula you will use. [1 mark]

(b) Calculate the voltage across the lamp. Show your working. [2 marks]

8. (3 marks) A student says "current is the flow of electricity."

(a) Give a more accurate definition of current. [2 marks]

(b) What unit is current measured in? [1 mark]

Independent Work – Middle (Grades 1–2)

Push yourself! Show full working for every calculation. Section D is your Grade 3 stretch — give it your best shot.

Section A: Recall

1. State what current is the rate of flow of.

2. Which formula links V, I and R?

[ ] V = I + R [ ] V = I × R [ ] V = I ÷ R

3. Rearrange V = I × R to find the current.

4. Explain what "1 amp" means in terms of charge.

Section B: Application

5. Calculate the missing value for each row. Show your working.

V (Volts)	I (Amps)	R (Ohms)
?	3	8
12	?	4
9	0.5	?
230	?	46

6. Explain, using the water analogy, what voltage, current and resistance represent.

Section C: Exam-Style Questions (Grade 3 Stretch)

7. (4 marks) A 12 V battery is connected to a lamp with a resistance of 6 Ω.

(a) Calculate the current through the lamp. Show your working. [2 marks]

(b) The lamp is replaced with one that has a resistance of 12 Ω. State what happens to the current and explain why. [2 marks]

8. (4 marks) A student measures the current through a resistor as 0.4 A. The voltage across the resistor is 8 V.

(a) Calculate the resistance. [2 marks]

(b) The student increases the voltage to 12 V but keeps the same resistor. Calculate the new current. [2 marks]

Independent Work – Higher (Grades 3–4)

Aim high! Full sentences for explanations. Section D is your Grade 5 stretch — heavily scaffolded so you can give it a proper go. Show the examiner you can reason, not just calculate.

Section A: Recall

1. Define current in terms of charge.

2. A resistor has 12 V across it and 0.5 A flowing through it. Its resistance is:

[ ] 6 Ω [ ] 24 Ω [ ] 12.5 Ω

3. Explain why increasing voltage across a fixed resistor increases the current.

4. State one limitation of the water-pipe analogy for electrical circuits.

Section B: Application

5. Calculate the missing values. Show full working for each.

V (Volts)	I (Amps)	R (Ohms)
230	10	?
?	0.25	920
1.5	?	3
9	0.3	?

6. Two resistors of 10 Ω and 20 Ω are connected in series to a 6 V battery.

(a) Calculate the total resistance. [1 mark]

(b) Calculate the current in the circuit. [2 marks]

Section C: Exam-Style Questions (Grades 3–4)

7. (5 marks) A hairdryer has two speed settings. On the low setting, the resistance is 230 Ω. On the high setting, the resistance drops to 46 Ω. The supply voltage is 230 V.

(a) Calculate the current on the low setting. [2 marks]

(b) Calculate the current on the high setting. [2 marks]

⭐ Section D: Grade 5 Challenge (heavily scaffolded)

This is your stretch. Use every scaffold below — the examiner gives marks for working, not just final answers. Take it one step at a time.

8. (6 marks) A student tests two different resistors using the same 6 V battery:

Resistor X: R = 12 Ω
Resistor Y: R = 4 Ω

(a) Predict — without calculating yet — which resistor will let MORE current flow through it. [1 mark]

🪜 Sentence starter: "I think Resistor ___ will let more current flow because…"

(b) Calculate the current through Resistor X. Show your working. [2 marks]

Step 1: Formula	I = _____ ÷ _____
Step 2: Substitute	I = _____ ÷ _____
Step 3: Answer + unit	I = _____

(c) Calculate the current through Resistor Y. Same method as (b). [1 mark]

(d) Explain why halving the resistance doubles the current, using the relationship between V, I and R. [2 marks]

🪜 Hint 1: V stays the same (6 V) for both resistors.

🪜 Hint 2: From I = V ÷ R, what happens to I if R is halved?

🪜 Sentence starter: "When R halves, V ÷ R becomes…, so the current…"

Exit Ticket – Foundation (U–1)

Name: _________________________ Date: _____________

1) What is current the rate of flow of?

2) Write the formula that links voltage, current and resistance.

3) A current of 4 A flows through a 3 Ω resistor. Calculate the voltage.

Exit Ticket – Middle (1–2)

1) A 9 V battery is connected to a 3 Ω resistor. Calculate the current.

2) Define what is meant by "current is the rate of flow of charge."

3) A lamp has a resistance of 15 Ω and 0.4 A flows through it. Calculate the voltage across the lamp.

Exit Ticket – Higher (3–4)

1) A hairdryer runs on UK mains (230 V) and draws 10 A. Calculate its resistance.

2) Explain why increasing the voltage across a fixed resistor increases the current, using the ideas of charge and electrons.

3) Two resistors of 10 Ω and 20 Ω are in series with a 6 V battery. Calculate the current.

🎯 TA Focus — Slide

🎲 Cold Call — Slide

🎉 Lesson Complete!

Voltage, Current & Resistance

Teacher Print Tools – Pupil Packs (One Click = All Pages)

⏱️ 40-Minute Pacing Guide

Arrival Task – Recall from Lesson 1

1. Circuit Recall 🟢

2. Circuit Recall 🟢

3. Circuit Recall 🟢

4. Lead-in to Today ⚡

1. Circuit Recall 🟠

2. Circuit Recall 🟠

3. Circuit Recall 🟠

4. Lead-in to Today ⚡

1. Circuit Recall 🔵

2. Circuit Recall 🔵

3. Circuit Recall 🔵

4. Lead-in to Today ⚡

Starter: Match the Quantity to Its Unit

📝 Copy & complete this table:

⚡ Word Bank

💡 Did You Know?

I Do: What Is Current? (Spec 2.14)

⚡ Current = Rate of Flow of Charge

📐 Key Definitions

🌍 Why This Matters

Charge Flowing Through a Wire

🔑 Keywords to Know

We Do: Label & Match Game

Part A: Match the Unit & Definition

Part B: Match the Instrument & Connection

I Do: Ohm's Law – V = I × R (Spec 2.13)

📜 The Equation

🔄 Rearranging the Formula

The VIR Formula Triangle

✏️ Worked Example

We Do: VIR Triangle Challenge ⚡

I Do: V, I, R in Real Circuits

🔋 The Water-Pipe Model

📋 Summary Table

How V, I, R Are Connected

We Do: Circuit Detective 🔍

Independent Work

📝 Your Printed Pack Contains:

🏆 Success Criteria

✅ Tick as you go — Success checklist

Exit Ticket – Check Your Learning

Voltage, Current & Resistance

🎯 Learning Objectives

🏆 Success Criteria — tick how you feel after the lesson

💭 Exit Reflection

Voltage, Current & Resistance

🎯 Learning Objectives

🏆 Success Criteria — tick how you feel after the lesson

💭 Exit Reflection

Voltage, Current & Resistance

🎯 Learning Objectives

🏆 Success Criteria — tick how you feel after the lesson

💭 Exit Reflection

Knowledge Organiser: Voltage, Current & Resistance

🧠 Memory Tricks

Arrival Task – Foundation (U–1) 🟢

Arrival Task – Middle (1–2) 🟠

Arrival Task – Higher (3–4) 🔵

Starter: Match the Quantity to Its Unit

We Do Worksheet

Part A: Match the Quantity, Unit & Definition

Part B: VIR Triangle Practice

Part C: Circuit Detective

Scaffolding Sheet

VIR Formula Triangle

Step-by-Step Method

Key Definitions

Independent Work – Foundation (Grades U–1)

Section A: Recall (Multiple Choice & Short Answer)

Section B: Application

Section C: Exam-Style Questions (Grade 2 Challenge — scaffolded)

Independent Work – Middle (Grades 1–2)

Section A: Recall